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Dies ist ein Eintrag in meiner Serie Things I learned. Hier ist ein Sammlung davon was ich bisher über Pfeile gelernt habe, die im modernen Recurve-Bogenschießen verwendet werden.

Ein moderner Pfeil besteht aus mindestens 4 Elementen:

1. einer Spitze aus Metall. Dies ist der spitze Teil, der immer vom Bogenschützen (und allen anderen) weg zeigen sollte
2. einem Schaft, der oft aus Carbon (Kohlenstoff), aber auch aus Aluminium oder einer Mischung aus beidem besteht
3. drei mal Befiederung, in der Regel kleinen “Fahnen” aus leichtem Kunststoff
4. eine Nocke, aus Kunststoff. Die Nocke wird direkt in den Schaft gesteckt oder mit einem Metallstift dazwischen. Hier wird der Pfeil an der Sehne des Bogens eingesteckt.

Diese Elemente tragen in unterschiedlichem Maße zu der wichtigsten Variable eines Pfeils bei: der Steifigkeit, die auch im Deutschen als Spine (englisch Wirbelsäule oder Rückrat) bezeichnet wird. Spine beschreibt die Steifigkeit oder Elastizität des Pfeils. Der Spine muss auf die Pfeillänge und das Zuggewicht abgestimmt sein. Er wird auf eine standartisierte Weise gemessen und führt zu Werten wie 600 (300 wäre ein sehr steifer Pfeil, 1200 ein sehr weicher). Um mehr darüber zu erfahren, warum sich Pfeile beim Schießen biegen müssen, lohnt es etwas über das Bogenschützen Paradox zu lernen. Dieses Video von Smarter Every Day erklärt es ganz gut:

Im Folgenden gibt es mehr Details zu jedem dieser vier Elemente.

Spitze

Diese gibt es in verschiedenen Formen und Gewichten. Beim Recurve-Bogenschießen sehen sie normalerweise so aus:

Der größte Teil der Komponente ist in den Schaft eingeklebt, nur die Spitze ragt aus dem Schaft heraus. Das Gewicht der Spitze beeinflusst den Spine des Pfeils: Mit mehr Spitzengewicht verhält sich der Pfeil weicher, mit weniger Gewicht fester.

Schaft

Bei dünnen Carbonpfeilen für das Bogenschießen im Freien sind die beiden Variablen für den Schaft die Länge und der Spine.

Die Länge des Schafts muss der Anatomie des Bogenschützen entsprechen (im Wesentlichen im Verhältnis zur Länge des Zugarms). Dies kann zunächst mit einem Messpfeil (ein dicker Pfeil ohne Spitze mit einer Skala darauf) gemessen werden.

Der Spine muss dem Zuggewicht des Bogenschützen entsprechen, das sich aus dem Druck auf die Finger bei vollem Zug ergibt. Der richtige Spine-Wert kann zunächst mit Hilfe von Tabellen ermittelt werden, die von den Pfeilherstellern angeboten werden.

Als Beispiel: Bei meinem aktuellen Zuggewicht von etwa 29 Pfund und 31 Zoll Pfeillänge empfiehlt Easton einen Spine zwischen 640 und 570.

Befiederung

Als Befiederung werden die drei „Federn“ bezeichnet, die in der Regel in Form von Kunststoff-Flügeln in der Nähe der Nocke des Pfeils auf den Schaft geklebt werden. Es gibt eine große Vielfalt an Formen und Farben:

Die Befiederung hat großen Einfluss darauf, wie sich ein Pfeil im Flug verhält.

Nocke

Eine Nocke ist ein kleines Kunststoffteil, das am Ende des Pfeilschafts befestigt wird. Es gibt verschiedene Konstruktionen – manche stecken direkt im Schaft, andere sitzen auf einem kleinen Metallstift. Nocken können von anderen Pfeilen getroffen werden – der Metallstift soll den Schaft schützen, wenn das passiert.

Die Nocke verbindet den Pfeil mit der Bogensehne, daher muss die Größe der Nocke der Breite der Sehne entsprechen. Wenn du einen Pfeil nockst und den Bogen waagerecht hältst, sollte der Pfeil an der Sehne haften. Wenn man die Sehne von oben anschlägt, sollte der Pfeil nach unten fallen.

Zusammenbau

Bislang habe ich meine Pfeile nicht von Grund auf selbst gebaut. Ich musste die Nocken austauschen, was bei weitem das Einfachste ist (einstecken). Ich habe auch die Federn ersetzt, wofür ich mir kürzlich ein eigenes Befiederungswerkzeug, einen Bitzenburger, gekauft habe:

Das Einkleben der Spitze in den Schaft sieht auch nicht allzu kompliziert aus, aber es erfordert eine offene Flamme:

Wie bei allem gibt es noch viele weitere Details zu beachten, wie z. B. die Messung der radialen Steifigkeit der einzelnen Schäfte und die entsprechende Indexierung.

This is an entry in my series Things I learned. Here is a brain dump of what I’ve learned so far about arrows used in contemporary recurve archery.

A modern arrow consist of at least 4 elements:

1. a point, some kind of metal. This is the pointy bit that should always point away from the archer (and anyone else)
2. a shaft, often made of carbon; also from aluminum or a mix of carbon and metal
3. 3 times fletching, usually plastic vanes
4. a nock, made of plastic. Plops into the shaft directly or with some metal pin in between. This is where the arrow attaches to the string of the bow.

These elements contribute to a varying degree to the most important variable of an arrow: spine. Spine describe the stiffness or elasticity of the arrow. The spine needs to be aligned with the arrow length and the draw weight. It’s measured in a specific way the leads to values like 600 (300 would be a very stiff arrow, 1200 a very soft one). To learn more about why arrows need to bend when shot, look for the Archer’s Paradox. For example this Smarter Every Day video explains it:

Let’s go into a bit more detail in each of the four elements:

Point

These come in different shapes and weights. For recurve target archery, they usually look like this:

Most of the component is glued inside the shaft, only the tip is out in front of it. The weight of the point influences the arrow’s spine: With more point weight, the arrow behaves softer, with less weight it behaves firmer.

Shaft

Focusing on thin carbon arrows for outdoor target archery, the two variables for the shaft are the length and spine.

The length of the shaft needs to match the anatomy of the archer (basically relative to the length of the draw arm). This can initially be measured with a measuring arrow (a thick arrow without a point, with a scale on it).

The spine needs to match the draw weight of the archer, based on the pressure on the fingers at full draw. Finding the right spine value can initially be done with charts provided by arrow manufacturers.

Fletching

Fletching are the three “feathers”, usually in the form of plastic vanes, glued near the nock end of the arrow on the shaft. There is a lot variety in shapes and colors:

Fletching strongly influences how an arrow behaves in flight.

Nock

A nock is a small plastic part that attaches to the end of the shaft. There’s various constructions – some stick directly into the shaft, others sit on top of a small metal pin. Nocks end up being hit by other arrows – the metal pin is supposed to protect the shaft when that happens.

The nock connects the arrow to the bow string, so the size of the nock needs to match the width of the string. When nocking an arrow and holding the bow horizontally, the arrow should stick to it. When tapping the string from the top, the arrow should fall down.

Assembling

So far I haven’t built my own arrows from scratch. I had to replace nocks, which is by far the most trivial (stick ’em in). I also replaced vanes, for which I recently bought my own fletching tool, a Bitzenburger:

Glueing the point into the shaft doesn’t look too complicated either, but it does involve an open flame:

As with everything, there’s a lot more detail to look into, like measuring radial stiffness of each shaft and indexing it accordingly.

This is an entry in my series Things I learned. Here I learned the value of sending many emails and not to be afraid of dog poop.

In December 2017 we moved into our current apartment. Back then, there was a path nearby, that looked promising, but ended after 5 meters. There was a sign covered by a black plastic bag. After some years, the bag had fallen apart and revealed a sign for a shared pedestrian and bike path:

If this path would exist, we could use it as a shortcut, saving 250m on foot or bike:

In the summer of 2021 I asked my contact in the city administration (Stadtverwaltung), who’s involved in planning bike infrastructure in our district, about this. At first he said that due to a school being planned in the area to the north (the grey area in the screenshot above, inside the blue dotted path), he couldn’t give me details, but forwarded the question to the responsible department.

Half a year later, we didn’t have any update and nothing was being built. But by coincidence, a friend and me found some plans for this city quarter from 2003 (19 years old!) where this path was already included:

That was in January 2022. It took a bunch more emails and another one and a half years, till August 2023, that the construction actually started. By then the new school had already opened.

I found it somewhat amusing that the first thing they did was to damage the poor blue sign that had been standing there uselessly for 6+ years. At least it had the company of this parking forbidden sign, which had seen things:

By October 2023 they even finished the 3 lamps:

When the path was finally done, we started using it quite often. A year later in August 2024, my son started going to school. And since he went to the new school to the north of the path, we’ve been using this path twice daily.

Part 2

Since I feel like having some responsibility for this path, and use it so often, I noticed a growing problem: While many people use this path, some drop their trash there, which mostly ends up in the shrubs on the side. And people walk their dogs here – and some leave their dog poop behind, on the path.

My first attempt at fixing this problem was a trash collection done with some kids who live close by or go to the same school. In November 2024 I registered this as an AWB (the city organization usually responsible for keeping the city clean) Putzmunter event, which at least ensured that the trash bags we filled would get picked up the next day. I borrowed some tools from KRAKE, who also provided me with gloves and trash bags (I could’ve picked those up from AWB, too). With about 15 people, from toddlers to grandmas, we collected trash along the path and around the school, filling three trash bags. We also collected pieces of a TV and a can of nitrous oxide (laughing gas):

But this didn’t have any lasting effect. AWB kept ignoring the path. Trash started collecting again, a week after our cleanup. And once some dog poop was on the path, more showed up quickly. There were no trash cans at either side.

What do to? Send more emails! This proved successful again. Someone admitted, maybe by accident, that AWB wasn’t responsible for cleaning this path. When I asked a few times who then IS responsible, eventually they let me know that they’re going to take the responsibility from January 2025 onward. By early February they finally cleaned up the leftovers from New Years. They also installed trash cans on both sides of the path, one with dog poop bags:

Unfortunately this did not solve the dog poop problem. That kept showing up, mostly on the right side of the path, next to the shrubs. My contact at AWB didn’t have any recommendations for dealing with this.

One day I finally decided to try some direct action: I found a sturdy enough stick and pushed five piles of dog poop into the shrubs. And for about a week the path was dog poop free!

My theory for now: There is a breed of dog owner that’s willing to pick up their dog’s shit as long as everyone else does it. But if there is already dog poop lying around, they’ll just leave theirs as well. “Why should I clean if others don’t?” would be their rationale.

I’m planning another cleanup event once spring is arriving for good. We’ll then have to instruct every helper not to step foot into the poop-hiding shrubs…

PS: If you’re a dog owner or have dog owner insights, let me know if there’s a more sustainable tactic.

A few days ago I was in one of my favorite locations in my city quarter of Köln, Café Casablanca. While drinking my green tea with Morrocan mint, I noticed a song and especially it’s very catchy hook. I used my phone to give me a title and saved it for later.

Later at home, my wife, son and me listened to it together:

I didn’t know the artist. Here’s what Wikipedia has to say about him:

Khaled is one of the most important musicians in the history of Raï music in his native Algeria and is one the world’s best-known Arab singers.^[2] To date, Khaled has sold over 80.5 million albums (10 diamond, platinum, and gold) worldwide, making him one of the bestselling Arabic-language singers in history. Among his most famous songs are “Aïcha“, “Didi“, “El Arbi”, “Abdel Kader“, “La Poupée qui fait non“, “Wahran Wahran”, “Bakhta”, “C’est la vie“, and “Alech Taadi”.

He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling artist of raï music.

Wikipedia

To lower our ignorance a bit further, we figured we could listen to his most famous song, Aicha:

When else should I check out, before I go back to listening to OBSCURA?